The first step in solving a mathematical problem is by understanding the problem itself. Go over the problem thoroughly and make sure that the idea that you have on it is the exact idea that it denotes. Understanding a problem enables a person to have a good head start towards finding the correct solution.
The second step is devising a plan. This is by recalling all the techniques and skills you have acquired on the subject and identify the best approach you need to apply on the problem. Devising a plan enables a systematic way of solving the problem. This may include, organization of thoughts, recalling the right techniques, selecting the best technique to treat the problem and analysis of how the technique can lead to solving the problem.
The third step is to carry out the plan or application of the chosen technique to treat the problem. This is the most crucial part as this is where actual knowledge can be applied. It is the implementation of techniques learned to achieve the best solution. This step requires analytical thinking because more than knowing which technique to apply, knowledge in implementing and putting it to use spells the big difference in solving a problem.
The last step is to look back. This can eliminate doubts regarding your answer. Looking back enables you to see if the problem is at par with the solution and if proper treatment had been applied. This can give you confidence in your answer and can further give you the opportunity to review and take one more glance at the steps you have followed in order to come up with a final answer.